How can salinity be fixed

This is the best way to get a solid sense of whether your soil is highly saline or not. These meters work by sending an electrical signal through the probe and measuring how long it takes the current to travel. The faster the current travels, the more salt there is in the soil. There are other ways to measure salinity in soil, but this is the easiest way to do it without laboratory equipment or multiple instruments. Press the power button to turn the EC meter on. Then, take the metal probe and stick it 2—3 inches 5.

If there are 2 probes, stick both of them in the soil 6—12 inches 15—30 cm away from one another. Hold the probes in steady and wait for the meter to send and read an electrical current. Use the reading to figure out the salinity. The numbers on the screen will jump up and down as the probes continue to send and receive readings. After seconds, simply take the highest number as your reading. You need to convert your decisiemens to millimhos to determine the salt in the soil. Generally speaking, more than 18 millimhos per cm is considered highly saline.

Readings between 4. Perform this test in other areas to find the salinity of a larger area. Highly saline soil will be much drier, and less colorful than healthy soil. Test a healthy patch of soil nearby to set a baseline for a healthy salt level. Different soils require diverse levels of salt. If there is a flourishing section of land nearby, repeat the test there to figure out how drastically you need to reduce the salt.

Repeat this entire process to check the saline after taking next steps. Whether you decide to wash the salt out, plant salt-consuming plants, or let the soil restore itself over time, you must use the EC meter to reassess the state of your soil.

Set a reminder on your phone or jot a note in your calendar to retest regularly. Every time you retest the soil, write the number down to track how the salt levels are changing over time. Method 2.

You can either use a ruler to make a hash mark 6—12 inches 15—30 cm in a bucket to measure the water out, or spray your soil liberally with a hose to do this by eye. Refill it and keep working in sections until you cover the entire surface of the soil. A little bit of salt is natural and healthy. The water will soak the soil thoroughly and flush the salt out. To do this, set sprinklers out and turn them on for hours a day.

This process can take anywhere from 1 week to 2 months depending on how difficult it is for the water to drain, how much salt is in the soil, and the amount of water that you use.

Monitor the salinity of the soil regularly while leaching and drying it. The more readings you take with your EC meter, the easier it will be to see if the leaching process is working. Take a reading with your EC meter daily. Test the same location to figure out if the salt is dissipating or not. Avoid excessive leaching. Simply monitor the salinity over the course of a few weeks before taking next steps.

Method 3. Use plants that extract salt to reduce salinity naturally in warmer climates. We talk about that energy as an equivalent temperature. So you can say that if the temperature is higher, there is more energy and if the temperature is lower, then there is less energy.

The scale isn't so important because it depends on the frequency e. But we have a scale called "Brightness Temperature" that is measuring the amount of energy that's being given off by the ocean surface at a fixed temperature. So in the graph above right click image to enlarge , go along the horizontal axis and stop at a sea surface temperature SST equal to 20 degrees Celsius see blue box.

If you read across to the vertical axis i. Aquarius has a very precise instrument that tells us how much energy is coming off the ocean surface and we express that as a "Brightness temperature". If the brightness temperature is higher, then the seawater is fresher i.

If the brightness temperature is lower, then the seawater has more salt i. The graph shown at right was published in So an important new area of research is to develop a set of curves that are very carefully calibrated so we know exactly what energy corresponds to what salinity. And the instrument we use is very precise and makes these measurements accurately and consistently. For the oceans, we always need a combination of in situ buoys, which can either move freely with the ocean current, or be fixed on moorings to the ocean floor.

The data from the buoys is always limited to its spatial sampling. It would be unrealistic to have moored buoys throughout the ocean. It just wouldn't be possible. It would be too expensive to do that.

And so, the satellite gives us a global view of what's going on. The Aquarius mission has been going along pretty well. Earlier we spoke of the Aquarius spacecraft using a fixed dish antenna and three radiometers rather than a single rotating antenna.

In those days, 5 or 6 years ago, a rotating antenna presented some problems. Since then, we've developed new technology to build a big antenna that rotates. So this new mission called SMAP has the instrumentation Aquarius has, the radiometer, the radar, but together with that, it also offers a big antenna, 6 meters in fact.

The Aquarius antenna is 3 meters, so this will double it, plus, we're going to rotate it. So, this craft will give us a kilometer swath with a higher spatial resolution of about forty kilometers.

Some content on this website is saved in PDF formatted files. People have been measuring salinity for centuries, but ships and buoys alone cannot match the perspective from space. In fact, a whole quarter of the oceans have no salinity data at all. HMS Challenger [more]. Historical Surface Salinity Measurements [more].

Throughout history, ocean scientists have wanted to learn more about the ocean's salt. Historical Challenges of Measuring Salinity from Space [more].

Aquarius Prototype in C [more]. Getting the Full Picture [more]. In the meantime, fertilization should be based only on Nitrogen and only the minimum amount should be applied. The water used for flushing should be the highest quality possible, because the purpose of the flushing process is to decrease the soil salinity to the levels of the irrigation water.

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