How is genetic testing done

Collection of the DNA sample usually involves spitting saliva into a tube or swabbing the inside of your cheek. You then mail the sample as directed by the company. In some cases, you will need to visit a health clinic to have blood drawn. A laboratory will analyze the sample to look for particular genetic variations.

The variations included in the test depend on the purpose of the test. In most cases, you will be able to access your results on a secure website. Other test companies share results in the mail or over the phone. The results usually include interpretation of what specific genetic variations may mean for your health or ancestry. In some cases, a genetic counselor or other healthcare provider is available to explain the results and answer questions.

How is genetic testing done? From Genetics Home Reference. Topics in the Genetic Testing chapter What is genetic testing? What are the different types of genetic tests? What are the uses of genetic testing? What is informed consent?

How can I be sure a genetic test is valid and useful? What do the results of genetic tests mean? What is the cost of genetic testing, and how long does it take to get the results? Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. What are the benefits of genetic testing? From Genetics Home Reference.

Topics in the Genetic Testing chapter What is genetic testing? What are the different types of genetic tests? What are the uses of genetic testing? How is genetic testing done? Meanwhile, commercial testing services such as 23andMe enable customers to trace their genetic origins and learn more about their family history.

As these tests gain in popularity however, it is important to understand some of the broader conversations that surround them, including potential ethical complications. The pros and cons of genetic testing warrant a closer look. Before getting into the pros and cons of genetic testing, it may be helpful to explain exactly what genetic testing is and how it is applied.

All human beings have unique sequences of DNA, a chemical database that provides instructions for how the body functions. Genetic testing involves analysis of this DNA, which can reveal any mutations changes to that chemical database that may suggest a higher risk of illness, deformity or disease.

While most genetic testing is conducted in a hospital or other medical practice, services such as 23andMe allow participants to collect their own cheek swabs and mail them in for testing.

There are a number of applications for genetic testing, including prenatal testing. Prenatal testing is done either by looking for blood markers or through amniocentesis.

While the latter is more precise, it also entails some risk to the baby. These tests are optional, though physicians may recommend them in cases where risk factors, such as advanced maternal age, are evident. It is worth noting that all 50 states require basic genetic screening for newborn babies, which allows providers to evaluate for conditions such as sickle cell disease or hypothyroidism.

Through early detection, treatment can commence as quickly as possible. Newborn screening is the most common form of genetic testing in the United States. For those interested in learning more about genetic testing and pregnancy, some resources include:.

Genetic testing is also helpful in the treatment of different diseases. This is an important method where medical treatment is highly personalized to the patient. The testing revealed an amino acid in her DNA that put her at high risk for breast cancer. This prompted her to see her doctor, who spotted a small indication of cancer and immediately started treatment.

Genetic testing can also be used to trace family history or learn more about ethnic background. This is called genetic ancestry testing. Ancestry tests are taken either in a medical practice or at home; the latter is an incredibly popular option. As of , more than 26 million people had taken home ancestry tests , according to a report from MIT Technology Review.